Enzymes for Producing Creatinine Assay Kit

Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate from muscle and protein metabolism. Creatine is synthesized primarily in the liver from the methylation of glycocyamine by S-Adenosyl methionine. It is then transported through blood to the other organs, muscles, and brain, where, through phosphorylation, it becomes the high-energy compound phosphocreatine. Creatine conversion to phosphocreatine is catalyzed by creatine kinase; spontaneous formation of creatinine occurs during the reaction. Creatinine is removed from the blood chiefly by the kidneys, primarily by glomerular filtration, but also by proximal tubular secretion. Little or no tubular reabsorption of creatinine occurs. If the filtration in the kidney is deficient, blood creatinine concentrations rise.

Altered creatinine levels can be an indicator of kidney dysfunction or other medical conditions that result in lower renal blood flow such as diabetes or cardiovascular disease. The measure of serum and urine creatinine levels is an important clinical test for renal disease and dysfunction. Creatinine assay kits can measure creatinine levels in samples. In the creatinine assay, creatinine is converted to creatine by creatininase, creatine is converted to sarcosine, which is specifically oxidized to produce a product that reacts with a probe to generate red color and fluorescence.

Creative Enzymes provides high-quality creatinase (EC 3.5.3.3), creatininase (EC 3.5.2.10), and sarcosine oxidase (EC 1.5.3.1), which are raw materials used in the production of creatinine assay kits.

Creatinase (EC 3.5.3.3) is an enzyme that belongs to the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in linear amidines. It catalyzes the chemical reaction: creatine + H₂O ↔ sarcosine + urea, and always acts in homodimer state and is induced by choline chloride. Creatininase (EC 3.5.2.10) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of creatinine to creatine, which can then be metabolized to urea and sarcosine by creatinase. Creatininase is a member of the urease-related amidohydrolases, the family of hydrolases, those acting on carbon-nitrogen bonds other than peptide bonds, specifically in cyclic amides. Sarcosine oxidase (EC 1.5.3.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative demethylation of sarcosine to yield glycine, H₂O₂, 5,10-CH₂-tetrahydrofolate in a reaction requiring H4-tetrahydrofolate and oxygen. Sarcosine oxidase is the third enzyme in the creatinine degradation metabolic pathway, which can specifically catalyze the production of glycine from the substrate sarcosine. Microorganisms are the most important source of creatine oxidase, which has a wide range of applications in clinical diagnosis.